在JavaScript中,prototype、constructor、__proto__、构造函数、原型、实例这些概念已经很让人头疼,再加上ES6的class 、extends已经乱成一锅粥了,平时对这些用的少写的少,是得好好捋清楚。看了几篇文章有了自己的理解,理解如下:
构造函数.prototype = 原型;
构造函数.prototype.constructor = 原型.constructor = 构造函数;
new 构造函数 = 实例;
实例.constructor = 构造函数;
实例.__proto__ = 原型;
这样看着不直观,那就直接上张图,更直观的捋清楚这些概念之间的关系:
下面用代码验证上面的关系:
function CreateGf(name, age){ this.name = name; this.age = age;} CreateGf.prototype.sayWhat = function(name){ console.log(this.name + ' say: hi!');} var gf1 = new CreateGf('gf1',20);var gf2 = new CreateGf('gf2',22);gf1.sayWhat(gf1.name);gf2.sayWhat(gf2.name); console.log(CreateGf.prototype.constructor == CreateGf); //trueconsole.log(gf1.constructor == CreateGf); //trueconsole.log(gf1.__proto__ == CreateGf.prototype); //true
那在ES6中是什么样的呢?看下图:
大体跟ES5中差不多,用代码验证下:
class Point { constructor(x, y){ this.x = x; this.y = y; } toString(){ return '(' + this.x + ',' + this.y + ')'; }} class ColorPoint extends Point{ constructor(x, y, color){ super(x,y); this.color = color; } toString(){ return this.color + ':' + super.toString(); }} let colorPoint = new ColorPoint(); console.log(ColorPoint.prototype.__proto__ == Point.prototype); //trueconsole.log(ColorPoint.__proto__ == Point); //true